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--- misc:sources.list [2017-10-29 11:03] – jens
+++ misc:sources.list [2024-05-20 11:37] (current) – [LTS] Add info about what LTS means jens
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Sources.list ======
+====== sources.list ======
+For people using Debian---especially new users---it can be confusing to have the proper and correct entries in the ''/etc/apt/sources.list''.
-This is my ''/etc/apt/sources.list'' which grew during the past few years. Maybe it'll be helpful for you.
+You should---of course---use a [[http://www.debian.org/mirror/list|Debian mirror]] that is not too far away from you. The examples below contain the generic mirrors where you have to replace "XX" by your language/country code. Furthermore, replace CODENAME by the version you are running, you can find all available codenames on the [[https://wiki.debian.org/DebianReleases|Debian website]].
-You should---of course---use a [[http://www.debian.org/mirror/list|Debian mirror]] that is not too far away from you. The examples below contain the generic mirrors where you have to replace "XX" by your language code.
+I also used to have the entries for [[http://deb-multimedia.org/|Marillat]] packages by default but decided to remove them. They become less and less relevant (for me) and change too much in the base system which makes it difficult to impossible to remove them again. If you still wish to use those, feel free to use them of course. For instructions see the [[http://deb-multimedia.org/|Deb Multimedia]] website.
-If you use a notebook, make sure to also read [[misc:Power_Management|these instructions]] and enable TLP in your sources.list!
+Because users usually do not do development, I left out the ''deb-src'' entries. If you need the sources, just duplicate all entries and replace the starting ''deb'' with ''deb-src'' in the duplicates.
-===== Stretch =====
+===== Bookworm and newer =====
-==== sources.list ====
 <file bash sources.list>
+### /etc/apt/sources.list
+# Make sure to replace XX with your local mirror language/country code
+# Make sure to replace CODENAME with the release codename you are running
 ### Main Sources
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	stretch				main contrib non-free
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME			main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
 ### Security Updates
-deb	http://security.debian.org/		stretch/updates			main contrib non-free
+deb	http://security.debian.org/debian-security	CODENAME-security		main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
 ### Software Updates
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	stretch-updates			main contrib non-free
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-updates		main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	stretch-proposed-updates	main contrib non-free
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-backports		main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	stretch-backports		main contrib non-free
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-proposed-updates	main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
-### Unofficial Packages
-#deb	http://www.deb-multimedia.org		stretch				main non-free		 # Marillat
-### Importing GPG keys for APT
-# Marillat	apt-get install deb-multimedia-keyring
 </file>
-==== For servers ====
+===== Bullseye and older =====
-Although my page is aimed at desktop usage, please don't use the above sources.list on a server! There it should look something like this.
+<file bash sources.list>
+### /etc/apt/sources.list
+# Make sure to replace XX with your local mirror language/country code
+# Make sure to replace CODENAME with the release codename you are running
-If you are using fast-moving packages like ClamAV you should also enable the 'stretch-updates' repository. And for firmware files (sometimes necessary in servers) you should add the "non-free" section as well.
+### Main Sources
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME			main contrib non-free
-<code bash>
+### Security Updates
-# Main Sources
+deb	http://security.debian.org/debian-security	CODENAME-security		main contrib non-free
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	stretch		main
+### Software Updates
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-updates		main contrib non-free
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-backports		main contrib non-free
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-proposed-updates	main contrib non-free
+</file>
-# (Security) Updates
+===== Servers =====
-deb	http://security.debian.org/		stretch/updates	main
+Although my page is aimed at desktop usage, please don't use the above sources.list on a server. There it should look something like this.
-#deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	stretch-updates	main
-</code>
-===== Jessie =====
+==== Bookworm and newer ====
-==== sources.list ====
 <file bash sources.list>
+### /etc/apt/sources.list
+# Make sure to replace XX with your local mirror language/country code
+# Make sure to replace CODENAME with the release codename you are running
 ### Main Sources
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	jessie			main contrib non-free
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME		main non-free-firmware
-deb-src	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	jessie			main contrib non-free
 ### Security Updates
-deb	http://security.debian.org/		jessie/updates		main contrib non-free
+deb	http://security.debian.org/debian-security	CODENAME-security	main non-free-firmware
-deb-src	http://security.debian.org/		jessie/updates		main contrib non-free
 ### Software Updates
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	jessie-updates		main contrib non-free
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-updates	main non-free-firmware
-deb-src	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	jessie-updates		main contrib non-free
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	jessie-proposed-updates	main contrib non-free
-deb-src	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	jessie-proposed-updates	main contrib non-free
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	jessie-backports	main contrib non-free
-### Unofficial Packages
-deb     http://mozilla.debian.net/              jessie-backports        firefox-release
-#deb	http://www.deb-multimedia.org		jessie			main non-free		# Marillat
-### Importing GPG keys for APT
-# Firefox	apt-get install pkg-mozilla-archive-keyring
-# Marillat	apt-get install deb-multimedia-keyring
 </file>
-==== For servers ====
+==== Bullseye and older ====
-Although my page is aimed at desktop usage, please don't use the above sources.list on a server! There it should look something like this.
+Because many servers need the firmware for hardware to function properly, I added the ''non-free'' by default here. If you are running Debian virtualized, the ''non-free'' can be remowed.
-If you are using fast-moving packages like ClamAV you should also enable the 'jessie-updates' repository. And for firmware files (sometimes necessary in servers) you should add the "non-free" section as well.
+<file bash sources.list>
+### /etc/apt/sources.list
+# Make sure to replace XX with your local mirror language/country code
+# Make sure to replace CODENAME with the release codename you are running
-<code bash>
+### Main Sources
-# Main Sources
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME		main non-free
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	jessie		main
-# (Security) Updates
+### Security Updates
-deb	http://security.debian.org/		jessie/updates	main
+deb	http://security.debian.org/debian-security	CODENAME-security	main non-free
-#deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	jessie-updates	main
-</code>
-===== Wheezy =====
+### Software Updates
-<WRAP round tip>
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-updates	main non-free
-Although the official support for Wheezy has ended in april 2016, you can still get security support for Wheezy by adding the ''wheezy-lts'' repository. However, this works only for the i386 and amd64 architectures and will be maintained until may 2018.
+</file>
-</WRAP>
-Because of the by now very old software available in Wheezy I do no longer recommend to use Wheezy on a desktop.
+===== LTS =====
+Sometimes, especially on servers, it can happen that you need to run an older version of Debian to ensure stable production. In those cases you can use the LTS((Long Term Support)) repositories. LTS is usually only available only for the i386 and amd64 architectures.
-==== For servers ====
+For current available LTS versions and the actual support end date, please check the [[https://wiki.debian.org/DebianReleases#Production_Releases|Debian Releases]], you should never run an OS that is no longer supported and thus won't receive security updates anymore!
-<code bash>
-# Main Sources
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	wheezy		main
-# (Security) Updates
+A fitting ''sources.list'' should look like this:
-deb	http://security.debian.org/		wheezy/updates	main
-#deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	wheezy-updates	main
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	wheezy-lts	main
-</code>
-===== Squeeze =====
+<file bash sources.list>
-Currently you shouldn't use Squeeze anymore for there are no more security updates. The following sources.list can be used anyway, it contains all security updates that were available for Squeeze.
+### /etc/apt/sources.list
+# For LTS Releases
+# Make sure to replace CODENAME with the release codename you are running
-<code bash>
+### Main Sources
-# Main Sources
+deb 	http://deb.debian.org/debian/	CODENAME		main non-free
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian-archive/debian	squeeze	main contrib non-free
-</code>
-===== Lenny =====
+### Security Updates
-Currently you shouldn't use Lenny anymore for there are no more security updates. The following sources.list can be used anyway, it contains all security updates that were available for Lenny.
+deb	http://security.debian.org/	CODENAME/updates	main non-free
+</file>
-<code bash>
-# Main Sources
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian-archive/debian	lenny	main contrib non-free
-</code>
-===== Etch =====
-Currently you shouldn't use Etch anymore for there are no more security updates. The following sources.list can be used anyway, it contains all security updates that were available for Etch.
-<code bash>
+~~DISCUSSION~~
-# Main Sources
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian-archive/debian	etch	main contrib non-free
-</code>